CRIMINOLOGY CSS Syllabus (100 MARKS)

Section-I (25 Marks)

I. Introduction

• Basic concepts used in understanding crime, criminality, and criminal behavior.

II. Understanding Criminology

• Definition, meaning, and scope of criminology.
• Criminology and criminal law.
• Crime as a social problem.
• Concepts of Deviance, Sin, Vice, Evil, Norms, and Values.
• Security (Physical, Social, Economic).

III. Crime and Criminals

• Occasional criminals.
• Habitual criminals.
• Professional criminals.
• White-collar crime.
• Organized crime.
• Corporate crimes.

IV. Crime and Criminality: Theoretical Perspectives

• Early explanations of criminal behavior:
  • Biological Theories.
  • Psychological Theories.
  • Sociological Theories:
    • Social Disorganization Theory.
    • Strain Theory.
    • Social Control Theory.
    • Learning Theory.
    • Labeling Theory.
  • Islamic perspective on deviance and crime.

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Section-II (25 Marks)

V. Juvenile Delinquency

• Meaning and definitions (Behavioral vs. Legal).
• Juvenile delinquent vs. Status offender.
• Official statistics of juvenile delinquency.

VI. Juvenile Justice System

• Role of police.
• Juvenile court process:
  • Pretrial, trial, and sentencing.
  • Role of prosecutor, defense counsel, juvenile judge, and juvenile probation officer.
• Juvenile correctional institutions:
  • Probation and non-punitive alternatives.

VII. The Criminal Justice System

• Police and its role.
• Trial and conviction of offenders:
  • Agencies: Formal and informal.
  • Criminal courts: Procedures and problems.
  • Role of prosecutors.
• Prisons, Probation, and Parole.

VIII. Punitive and Reformative Treatment of Criminals

• Corporal punishment.
• Imprisonment.
• Rehabilitation of criminals.

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Section-III (25 Marks)

IX. Criminal Investigation

• Principles of criminal investigation.
• Manual of preliminary investigation.
• Intelligence operations.
• Database investigation.
• Electronic investigation.
• Forensic investigation.

X. Techniques of Investigations

• Gathering information from persons.
• Interviewing and interrogation techniques.
• Criminal investigation analysis.

XI. Legal and Ethical Guidelines for Investigators

• Stop and frisk operations.
• Arrest procedures.
• Search and seizure.

XII. International Policing and Criminal Justice Monitoring Organizations

• UNAFEI.
• INTERPOL.
• EUROPOL.
• UNODC.
• UNICEF.
• IPA.

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Section-IV (25 Marks)

XIII. Modern Concepts in Contemporary Criminology

• Terrorism, Radicalism, and War on Terror.
• Media’s representation of crime and the criminal justice system.
• Modern law enforcement and crime prevention:
  • Intelligence-led policing.
  • Community policing.
  • Private-public partnership.
• Gender and crime in urban and rural Pakistan.
• Crime and urbanization:
  • Organized crime and white-collar crime.
• Human rights abuses and protection:
  • Especially of children, women, and minorities.
  • Role of civil society and NGOs.
• Money-laundering.
• Cyber crime.
• Role of NAB, FIA, and ANF.