JOURNALISM AND MASS COMMUNICATION CSS SYLLABUS (100 MARKS)
I. Introduction to Mass Communication
- Concept:
- Definitions
- Need / Importance / Purposes
- Types of communication
- Process of communication
- Basic models
- Functions of a model
- Evaluation of a model
- Basic models in mass communication:
- Lasswell’s Model (1948)
- Shannon-Weaver Model (1948)
- Osgood’s Model (1954)
- Schramm’s Model (1954)
- Newcomb’s Symmetry Theory (1953)
- Westley-McLean’s Model (1976)
- Gerbner Model (1956)
II. Mass Communication Theories
- Normative theories of the press:
- Schramm’s four theories
- Criticism on these theories
- Media as agents of power
- The spiral of silence
- Media usage and gratifications
- Media hegemony
- Diffusion of innovations
- Powerful effects model:
- Hypodermic needle theory
- Magic bullet theory
- Moderate effects model:
- Two-step flow of communication
- Multi-step flow of communication
- Powerful media revisited:
- Marshal McLuhan’s media determinism
III. Global / International Communication
- The historical context of international communication
- Globalization, technology, and the mass media
- Communication and cultural imperialism
- Communication flow in global media:
- Imbalance in the flow of information between North and South
- McBride Commission and its recommendations
- International communication in the internet age:
- New social media
- Effects on the developing world
IV. Media and Society
- Mass media and social change
- Media as a social system:
- Balance between interrelation and interdependence
- Media freedom and its role for democracy
- Functional approach to mass media:
- Four social functions of the media
- Media as an awareness agent
- Mass media and social representation
V. Mass Media in Pakistan
- Media system in Pakistan:
- Historical review
- Chronological review
- Analytical review
- System of journalism and the media system
- Employer-employee relations in Pakistani media
- Government-press relations
- Press in Pakistan:
- Newspaper industry
- From mission to the market
- Electronic media:
- From total dependence to enormous power
- The new 24/7 television:
- Uses
- Abuses
- The new radio:
- Potential for change
- Present performance
- Question of freedom and responsibility
VI. Development Support Communication
- Theories of development support communication with specific focus on the developing world
- Dominant paradigm of development:
- Historical perspective
- Analytical perspective
- Alternative paradigm of development
- Small is beautiful:
- Community development as a snowball effect
- Globalization vs localization
- Glocalization
- Social marketing:
- How to infuse new ideas into a developing population
VII. Public Relations
- Concept of public relations
- Historical development of public relations:
- From press agentry to PR
- Public relations in Pakistan
- Ministry of Information
- Press Information Department (PID)
- Public relations and publicity
- PR as a tool for governance
- Private PR agencies and their structure
- Basic methods of PR:
- Press release
- Press note
- Press conference
- PR ethics
VIII. Media Laws and Ethics
- History of media laws in Pakistan
- Development of media regulations:
- British colonial era
- Independent Pakistan
- Libel
- Defamation
- Relevant portions of PPC
- PPO
- RPPPO
- PEMRA:
- Establishment
- Development
- Operational mechanisms
- Press Council of Pakistan (PCP)
- Citizens Media Commission:
- Need
- Present status
- Reasons for inactivity
- Press code of ethics
- Inability of the media to develop a code of ethics as an institution
- The media’s quest for freedom and its inability to self-regulate
FPSC RECOMMENDED BOOKS List for JOURNALISM AND MASS COMMUNICATION CSS SYLLABUS
| S. No. | Title | Author |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | Broadcast Regulations: the German Example | Metzger, Herbert. FES 1993. |
| 2. | Communication Models for the Study of Mass Communication, 2nd Ed | McQuail, Dennis & Windhal, Sven, Longman, 1982. |
| 3. | Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide | Blackwell publishing Ltd. USA |
| 4. | Communication Theories: Origins, Methods and Uses in the Mass Media 5th Ed | Werner J. Severin, James W. Tankard Jr. Longman, 1997. |
| 5. | Diffusion of Innovations 5th Ed | Rogers, Everett M. Free Press 2003. |
| 6. | Ethics in Journalism: A Reader on Perception in the Third World | Kunczik, Michael (Ed.), FES 1999. |
| 7. | Handbook of International and Intercultural Communication 2nd Ed | Gudykunst & Moody, Sage, 2001. |
| 8. | McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory, 4th Ed | Denis McQuail. Sage, 2000. |
| 9. | Media And Society into the 21st Century: A Historical Introduction | Blackwell publishing Ltd. USA |
| 10. | Media / Impact | Wads Worth / Thompson Learning, Belmont, CA |
| 11. | Media Now: Communication Media in the Information Age | Wads Worth / Thompson Learning, Belmont, CA |
| 12. | News Media and Journalism in Pakistan | Khan, Altaf. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, June 2011. |
| 13. | News Media and Journalism in Pakistan and Germany (Ed.) | Khan, Altaf. Peshawar, 2003. |
| 14. | Participatory Development | Hasan, Arif, Oxford, 2010. |
| 15. | Political Communication in Britain: The Leader Debates, the Campaign and the Media in the 2010 General Election (Ed.) | Palgrave Macmillan, UK |
| 16. | Political Communication in Asia | Routledge, NY. |
| 17. | Precision Journalism: A Reporter’s Introduction to Social and Science Methods, 4th Ed | Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham, MD. |
| 18. | Report and Recommendation of the Media Commission, appointed by the Supreme Court of Pakistan, 2013 | FES, Islamabad, 2013. |
| 19. | Reporting the Frontier: Media Capacity Building for Peace in Pakistan’s Tribal Areas | Khan, Altaf VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, June 2011. |
| 20. | Writing, Directing, and Producing Documentary Films and Videos, 3rd Edition | Carbondale: Southern Illinois Press, 2002. |
| 21. | Directing the Documentary, 4th edition | Focal Press, 2004. |
| 22. | Documentary Storytelling: Making Stronger and More Dramatic Nonfiction Films, 2nd Edition | Focal Press, 2007. |
| 23. | Principles of Editing | McGraw-Hill 1996. |
| 24. | Journalism: Principles and Practices | Vistas Publications 2006. |
| 25. | The Hand Book of New Media | London: Sage |
| 26. | Applying Communication Theory for Professional Life: An Introduction (2nd Edition) | London: Sage |
| 27. | Controversies in Contemporary Advertising | Newbury Park: Sage Publications |
| 28. | “Public Relations Writing & Media Techniques” | Harper Collins College Publishers, NY |
| 29. | Telecommunications Policy in Pakistan | Telematics and Informatics |
| 30. | “Guaranteeing Copyright: Media Management Companion Series Guide to Pakistan Broadcast Law” | Media Management Companion Series Internews Pakistan |
| 31. | “Model Freedom of Information Act”, 2001 | Consumer Rights Protection Commission of Pakistan |
FPSC Official JOURNALISM AND MASS COMMUNICATION CSS SYLLABUS
Here is the link to the JOURNALISM AND MASS COMMUNICATION CSS SYLLABUS on the FPSC official website
