ANTHROPOLOGY CSS SYLLABUS (100 MARKS)
I. Anthropology
- Definition of anthropology, its historical development, and recent trends
II. Social Anthropology
- Definition of Culture:
Characteristics and functions - Relationship of Anthropology with Other Social Sciences
- Sub-fields of Anthropology:
a) Biological Anthropology
b) Archaeology
c) Linguistic Anthropology
d) Socio-Cultural Anthropology - Institution of Family and Marriage:
Definitions, types, structures, functions, family organization - Kinship and Social Organization:
Definitions, types, functions, kinship terminology, etc. - Economic Organization:
Definitions, evolution, substantivism versus formalism, reciprocity, production, consumption, distribution, barter, and primitive economic systems - Political Organization:
Definitions, evolution of political systems, characteristics of (band, tribal, chiefdom, and state societies)
Theories of the origin of state societies (internal conflict theories, external conflict theories, population and irrigation theories, institutionalization of leadership and the emergence of state, system theories)
Origin of civilization, the politics of identity, ethnicity and ethnic relations, nationalism, modernism, post-modernism, etc. - Religion:
Definitions, evolution of primitive religions, functions of religion, comparison of divine religions and other world religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, etc. - Contemporary Human Problems:
Poverty, social inequality, political instability, population problems, ethnic violence, and terrorism, etc.
III. Urban Anthropology
- Rural-urban migration, expansion of cities, major environmental issues, sanitation problems, urbanization and development
- Establishment of slums and squatter settlements, refugees, yankees, betties, gypsies, wars and conflict
- Conversion of power from feudal to industrialists, institutionalization, education system, and change in the mode of production (agriculture to capitalists)
- Poverty (theories and remedies)
- Management of city life (psychological, cultural, economic, political, religious, physical, environmental, ecological, demographical, lingual, etc.)
- Karl Marx and conflict theory
- Problems created by mechanization and automation
IV. Socio-Cultural Change
- Definitions, difference between social and cultural change
- Various dimensions of cultural change
- Barriers to cultural change (cultural, psychological, and political)
- Internal dynamics for change, external dynamics for change
- Population increase and change
- Diffusion of innovations
- Socio-religious barriers in accepting innovations and new ideas
- Media and cultural change
- Dynamics of change in Pakistan (trends and prospects)
V. Ethnicity and Race
- Theories related to ethnicity and race
- Ethnicity and racism
- Nations and nationality
- Ethnic conflict
- Degree of social variation
- Rank societies, caste and class societies, and social stratification, etc.
VI. Anthropological Theories
- Contributors:
Edward Burnett Taylor, Lewis Henry Morgan, James Frazer, Karl Marx, Edmund Leach, Franz Boas, Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict, Alfred L. Kroeber, Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown, Bronislaw Kasper Malinowski, Clifford Geertz, Talal Asad, Akbar S. Ahmad, Ibn Khaldun, Shah Waliullah - Classical Theories:
Degenerations, Evolutionism, Neo-Evolutionism, Diffusions - Modern Theories:
Functionalism, Structural-functionalism, Class struggle, Structuralism, Historical Particularism, Feminism, Culture and personality - Current Trends in Anthropological Thoughts:
Post-modernism, Romanticism, Poetics, and Politics of Ethnography
VII. Anthropological Research Methods
- Meaning, definition, types, and aims of anthropological research
- Qualitative and quantitative research
- Purpose of research, research question, variables, hypothesis, research objective(s), research design, sampling, field data collection
- Tools of data collection (questionnaire, interview, participant observation)
- Data classification, data analysis, and reporting
FPSC RECOMMENDED BOOKS List for ANTHROPOLOGY CSS SYLLABUS
| S.No. | Title | Author |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | Anthropology | William A. Haviland |
| 2. | Cultural Anthropology | Conrad Phillip Kottak |
| 3. | Diffusion of Innovation | Everett M. Roger |
| 4. | Socio Cultural Dynamics and Impact of Technological Change | G. M. Foster |
| 5. | Pakistani Society | Akber S. Ahmed |
| 6. | Economic Anthropology | Sutti Ortiz |
| 7. | Political Anthropology: An Introduction | Ted C. Lewellen |
| 8. | Pukhtun Economy and Society | Akber S. Ahmed |
| 9. | Principles of Anthropology | Eliot Dismore Chapple & Carleton Stevens Coon |
| 10. | Anthropology and Modern Life | Franz Boas |
| 11. | Anthropology and Contemporary Human Problem | John H. Bodley |
| 12. | Sindh and the Races that Inhabit the Valley of the Indus | Richard Burton |
| 13. | The People of Pakistan | Yu. V. Gankovsky |
| 14. | Anthropology and Development | Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan |
| 15. | An Introduction to Theory in Anthropology | Robert Layton |
| 16. | Anthropological Theory | John R. McGee & Richard L. Warms |
| 17. | Anthropology in Pakistan | Stephen Pastner & Louis Flam |
| 18. | Anthropology (13th Edition) | Carol R. Ember, Melvin R. Ember & Peter N. Peregrine |
| 19. | Other Cultures | John Beattie |
| 20. | A Handbook of Social Science Research | Beverly R. Dixon, Gary D. Bouma & G. B. J. Atkinson |
| 21. | Frontier Perspectives: Essays in Comparative Anthropology | Claries Lindholm |
| 22. | Generosity and Jealousy: The Swat Pukhtun of Northern Pakistan | Claries Lindholm |
| 23. | Friend by Day, Enemy by Night: Organized Vengeance in a Kohistani Community | Lincoln Keiser |
| 24. | A Punjabi Village in Pakistan | Zekiya Eglar |
| 25. | The Social Organization of the Marri Baluch | Robert Neil Pehrson |
| 26. | Introducing Anthropology | Park, MA 2007 |
| 27. | Peoples and Cultures of Asia | Scupin, R. 2005 |
| 28. | Outlines and Highlights for Anthropology | Scupin, R. & DeCourse, C. R. 2010 |
| 29. | Economic Anthropology | Stuart Plattner |
| 30. | Economics and Culture | Richard Wilk |
| 31. | Introduction to Anthropology of Religion | Brian Morris |
FPSC Official ANTHROPOLOGY CSS SYLLABUS
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