BOTANY CSS SYLLABUS (100 MARKS)
I. Algae, Fungi and Bryophytes
- Phycology
- Distribution
- Classification
- Structure
- Life history
- Economic importance of the main groups of Algae
- Mycology and Plant Pathology
- Structure
- Reproduction
- Classification
- Economic importance of the main groups of Fungi
- Diseases of economically important crops
- General principles of their control
- Bryology
- Structure and reproduction of bryophytes
- Evolution of Gametophyte and Sporophyte
II. Peteridophyta and Gymnosperms
- General account with special reference to:
- Structure
- Life history
- Affinities of Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms
- Ontogeny and structure of seed
- Classification of Gymnosperms
- Economic importance of Gymnosperms
III. Anatomy and Embryology
- Primary tissues
- Secondary tissues
- Meristems
- Secondary growth in dicot stem
- Anatomy of leaf
- Anatomy of stem
- Anatomy of root
- Microsporogenesis
- Megasporogenesis
- Pollination mechanism
- Fertilization
- Development of Embryo
- Development of Endosperm
- Seed dispersal
IV. Taxonomy of Angiosperms
- Systems of classification
- Rules of botanical nomenclature
- Concepts of speciation
- Modern trends in plant taxonomy:
- Bio-systematic
- Chemotaxonomy
- Numerical taxonomy
- General characters of common angiosperm families
- Economic importance of common angiosperm families
V. Plant Physiology
- Plant water relations
- Osmotic quantities
- Component potentials of water and their role in transport
- Water absorption by roots
- Transpiration
- Role of essential mineral elements and their uptake
- Plant hormones
- Photoperiodism
- Vernalization
- Dormancy
- Seed germination
- Enzymes
- Photosynthesis
- Plant pigments
- Light reaction
- CO₂ fixation
- Mechanism of photophosphorylation
- Respiration
- Glycolysis
- Kreb cycle
- Mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation
VI. Ecology
- Influence of climatic factors on plant growth
- Influence of edaphic factors on plant growth
- Influence of biotic factors on plant growth
- Vegetation sampling techniques
- Concepts of ecosystems and their productivity
- Ecological energetics
- Pyramids:
- Numbers
- Biomass
- Energy
- Trophic levels
- Food chains
- Food webs
- Biogeochemical cycles:
- Hydrological
- Nitrogen
- Succession
- Causes of soil salinity in Pakistan
- Reclamation of soil salinity
- Water logging in Pakistan
- Soil erosion
- Control of soil erosion
- Soil conservation methods
- Deforestation
- Biodiversity conservation
- Pollution
VII. Cytology
- Cell cycle
- Cellular morphology
- Chemistry of cell wall
- Chemistry of cell membrane
- Cell to cell communication
- Plant tissue and cell culture
- Cell senescence
- Cell death
- Ultra-structure of cell organelles:
- Mitochondria
- Golgi bodies
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Plastids
- Ribosomes
- Glyoxysomes
- Vaculoes
- Nucleus
VIII. Genetics
- Mendelian genetics
- Multiple alleles
- Polygenic inheritance
- Gene interaction
- Epistasis
- Pleiotropy
- Sex-linked inheritance
- Chromosomal aberrations
- Mutations
- DNA repair
IX. Evolution
- Introduction of evolution
- Evolutionary history
- Evolution of life
- Convergent evolution
- Divergent evolution
- Parallel evolution
- Natural selection
X. Molecular Biology
- Nucleic acids
- DNA as hereditary material
- DNA replication
- Transcription
- Genetic code
- Protein synthesis
- Genetic engineering and its application
- Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)
FPSC Official BOTANY CSS SYLLABUS
Here is the link to the BOTANY CSS SYLLABUS on the FPSC official website
